According to UNESCO (2013), literacy refers to the ability to identify, think, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute of using visual connections and/or printed and written materials associated with varying contexts.
From a similar perspective, the ACT Government (2013) cited MCEETYA’s definition of Literacy:
Literacy is the
ability to read and write; and use written information to write
appropriately in a range of contexts. It also involves the integration of
speaking, listening, viewing and critical thinking with reading and writing,
and includes the cultural knowledge which enables a speaker, writer or reader
to recognise and use language appropriate to different social situations.
UNESCO affirms that
Literacy is a fundamental human right and the foundation
for lifelong learning. It is fully essential to social and human development in
its ability to transform lives. For individuals, families, and societies alike,
it is an instrument of empowerment to improve one’s health, one’s income, and
one’s relationship with the world.
How to measure its performance in practice
Illustrating, proving, practising, and presenting skills in: Reading texts, verbal/visual/written communications, working
with others, technology use, thinking and continuous learning.Types of Literacy
Functional literacy (Emotional/ Financial/ Physical/ Spiritual Literacy)
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The level of literacy required to get along
successfully on a day-to-day basis
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Cultural Literacy
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The ability to understand and appreciate
the similarities and differences in the customs, values, and beliefs of one's
own culture, and the cultures of others.
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Multicultural Literacy
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Knowledge of cultures and languages, as
well as the ways in which multi-sensory data (text, sound, and graphics) may
introduce slant, perspective, and bias into language, subject matter, and
visual content.
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Information Literacy
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The ability to know when there is a need
for information, to be able to identify, locate, evaluate, and effectively
use that information for the issue or problem at hand.
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Media Literacy
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An informed, critical understanding of
the mass media
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Multi-literacy
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Knowing how to read, write, understand, think, and communicate in two or more
languages
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Visual Literacy
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The ability to understand and produce
visual messages
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Computer Literacy
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The ability to use a computer and its
software to accomplish practical tasks
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Key Learning Area (KLA)Literacy
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A mastery of the basic symbols and
processes of terminologies in this KLA
For example:
Mathematical Literacy refers to a
mastery of the basic symbols and processes of arithmetic.
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Technological and Digital literacy
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The ability to use new media such as the
Internet to access and communicate information effectively; and involving the new tools of hypertext,
multimedia and electronic forms of synchronous and asynchronous communication
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Business Literacy
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Understanding the interdependence among
people and nations and having the ability to interact and collaborate
successfully across cultures and businesses
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UNESCO (2013). Education-Literacy. Retrieved 10 October 2013 from
http://www.unesco.org/new/en/education/themes/education-building-blocks/literacy/
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