Saturday 25 February 2017

Australian Teaching Standards at the Proficient Career Stage

Working Towards Gaining Proficient Teacher
Posted by Lydia Le

Working Towards Proficient Teacher [For My Lifelong Learning Journey]

My Collection - The Various Focus Areas Through Three Domains and Seven Standards for Australian Teachers.

Source: The Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership - AITSL
Date accessed: 25 February 2017
Site's address: http://www.aitsl.edu.au/australian-professional-standards-for-teachers/standards/list?c=proficient

Rationale of my collection
For my lifelong learning and working towards proficient teacher accreditation, this collection provides a learning space where my understanding of current teaching standards is stored. 
Regarding teaching standards in the Australian schooling context, AITSL (2014) has set various focus areas and clearly indicates that at the proficient level, the teachers are active participants in their profession. They have abilities to create and deliver effective teaching and learning experiences for their students and students' unique backgrounds. The teachers' abilities are to adjust teaching programs to meet the students' individual needs. As such, the designs of effective teaching programs and the development of a comfortable learning environment are required. This quality learning environment and programs approach towards students' collaborative engagement and active participation. Additionally and importantly, to avoid and eliminate the waste of teaching, and improve the quality of both teaching and learning, these mentioned programs need to focus on the contents of curriculum, assessment and reporting requirements which are set by the education and standards authorities. Further, for the students' learning first, teachers are asked to quickly response feedback and analyse collective data and relevant information to driving learning results. These results are used to adjust and support students' learning towards the students' academic achievements. 
In order to achieve the above requirements, I believe that a deep understanding of the focus areas of the standards for teachers at the proficient level is crucial. In my separate website of "Working Towards Proficient Teacher Accreditation", all details will be illustrated (1). 

Mainly, this page is to collect all focus areas set in the Australian Professional Standards for proficient teachers in Australia.  

My Collection 
Proficient Teaching and  37 Various Focus Areas

Australian Professional Standards for Teachers by AITSL

Background
As mentioned, with aims of working towards the requirements of getting Proficient Teacher accreditation, this page collects all the focus areas for the proficient stage applying in the Australian schooling context. As a result, I believe that the collection will become a powerful guide-map providing the various focus areas that a teacher needs to achieve in order to gain full registration at the proficient level. These focus areas are listed in the Australian Teaching Standards for the Proficient stage set by the Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership (AITSL). The original information of these areas can be viewed on the AITSL’s web page at http://www.aitsl.edu.au/australian-professional-standards-for-teachers/standards/list?c=proficient

Working on and Findings from my Collections
The collected information shows that:
-        In the first domain of the Professional Knowledge, for both standards 1 and 2, there are Six different Focus Areas arranging from 1.1 to 1.6, and 2.1 to 2.6  required respectively .
-        In the second domain of the Professional Practice, whilst the standard 3 has Seven Focus Areas, the standards 4 and 5 have Five Focus Areas only - they are arranged from 3.1 to 3.7, 4.1 to 4.5 and 5.1 to 5.5 respectively.
-        In the third (also the final) domain of the Professional Engagement, both standards 6 and 7 have only Four Focus Areas - they are arranged from 6.1 to 6.4 and 7.1 to 7.4 respectively.

On this blog page, all Various Focus Areas for the Proficient career stage will be labelled with the letter P ( P for Proficient) next to their Focus Areas. The Standards are also identified from the Separation ['dot' .] of the Focus Areas. For example, 1.1P, 1.2P, ..., 2.1P, 2.2P,..., 3.1P, 3.2P,..., etcetera, etcetera. This explanation can be illustrated in an example as below.
The above explanation and Various Focus Areas requiring for the Proficient Teaching are collected and displayed in the matrix1 of 7 standards at Proficient stage and the complex Table 1 as below.

Matrix 1 (where P = 2 - it is the stage 2 in the AITSL Teacher Standards)

      7Standards / Proficient stage
1P
2P
3P
4P
5P
6P
7P
1
1.1P
1.2P
1.3P
1.4P
1.5P
1.6P

2
2.1P
2.2P
2.3P
2.4P
2.5P
2.6P

3
3.1P
3.2P
3.3P
3.4P
3.5P
3.6P
3.7P
4
4.1P
4.2P
4.3P
4.4P
4.5P


5
5.1P
5.2P
5.3P
5.4P
5.5P


6
6.1P
6.2P
6.3P
6.4P



7
7.1P
7.2P
7.3P
7.4P




Table 1 - The Various Focus Areas required at the Proficient level in the Australian schooling context.


In summary, regarding the Australian Professional Standards for Teachers, the above table shows that there are 37 Focus Areas in total. They include 12 Focus Areas in the first domain of the Professional Knowledge standards, 17 Focus Areas in the second domain of the Professional Practice standards, and only 8 Focus Areas in the Professional Engagement standards. See Table 2 below.

Table 2-Numbers of various focus areas in the three domains of Australian Teaching Standards for Teachers
# Focus Areas %
Domain 1-Professional Knowledge 12 32%
Domain 2-Professional Practice 17 46%
Domain 3-Professional Engagement 8 22%
Total 37 100%


These figures could be viewed in a Pie chart (see Figure 1) or a Column chart (see Figure 2) below.
Figure 1 - A Pie chart of the numbers of various Focus Areas in the Australian Professional Standards for Teachers


Figure 2 - A Bar or Column chart of the numbers of various Focus Areas in the Australian Professional Standards for Teachers

As seen obviously, the above information indicates that the first domain of Professional Knowledge has 12 focus areas - it is the average figure. The second domain of Professional Practice has the highest figure of 17 focus areas. The lowest figure of 8 focus areas belongs to the third domain of Professional Engagement. Therefore, in order to achieve the proficient teacher level, it is necessary to produce, provide and collect a broad range of actual activities and evidence showing all 37 mentioned focus areas at the proficient career stage; particularly, more actual teaching and learning activities focusing on the Professional Practice domain need to be created, practised and collected.

Importantly, in the workforce market - regarding the NSW (New South Wales) schooling context, by law, teaching employees should be aware of 'all teachers must meet the Department’s requirements for employment and approval to teach in order to be employed in NSW government schools' (NSW Department of Education, n.d.).

In addition, a reminder is that teachers working to fully achieve this stage have to follow a set timeframe which is required by NESA (the NSW Education Standards Authority). Within that accreditation timeframe - for the Provisionally Accredited teachers working towards their Proficient Teacher Accreditation, NESA permits 3 years for full-time teachers, and 5 years for casual or part-time teachers (NESA, 2017). Full information of the accreditation timeframe can be viewed on the NESA' web page at http://educationstandards.nsw.edu.au/wps/portal/nesa/teacher-accreditation/proficient-teacher/how-it-works/timeframes

In practice, collecting evidence for the accreditation is a first step that I would like to know and understand. Making easier to understand what evidence should be collected, the following gathers a range of documents listing in the Evidence Guide for the Proficient Teacher Standards  that are suggested by NESA. These suggested evidence and documents could be selected and chosen by referring to the closed groups that are categorized or classified, such as a)Curriculum planing documents, b)Assessment and evidence of student learning, c)Observations and discussions, d)Feedback received and given, e)Teacher reflections, and f)Collaboration and professional learning, as below.

[Please refer to the NESA's Evidence Guide for the Proficient Teacher Standards pages 7-9]
a)Curriculum planning documents b)Assessment and evidence of student learning c) Observations and discussions d)Feedback received and given e)Teacher reflections

f)Collaboration and professional learning
1 § individual learning plans § student conference outcomes § supervisor’s notes of lesson observation, with teacher reflection § student conference outcomes § analysis and evaluation of teaching and learning plans and/or unit/lesson plans § team teaching planning
2 § term, semester or year curriculum programs § teacher records of student data § post-observation meeting and discussion record § annotated record of feedback given to students § analysis of effectiveness of assessment tools/strategies § resource sharing and collaboration records
3 § lesson plans/lesson sequences § assessment plan demonstrating linkages to curriculum § documented observations of specific teacher practice/requirements § teacher records of feedback for specific students over time § audit of the physical classroom environment/classroom layout modification § collaborative planning and preparation
4 § across year level subject planning documents § assessment schedule § documentation of observed student classroom behaviours/ expectations § parent/teacher interview plans and records § professional reading log and reflection § participation in assessment moderation activities
5 § resources, tasks and activities developed and used § assessment tools/ tests/ strategies § observation notes on range of strategies to manage classroom behaviour § meeting logs § reflection of student learning and needs § professional learning plan
6 § homework tasks set § student work samples demonstrating learning over time § teacher’s notes from observation of a modelled lesson § notes of formal and informal communication with parents/carers § professional learning journal
7 § use of models of learning to develop teaching and learning programs and activities § student work samples related to lesson § documentation of parent/carer feedback § review and reflection of professional learning undertaken
8 § annotated adjustments of plan for differentiated learning § documentation of observed student learning § student survey data § action research project plans or outcomes
9 § data demonstrating value adding to student(s) learning § student reflections and feedback § contribution to professional association activities
10 § student directed learning goals § presentations prepared and delivered for colleagues
11 § mapping of student learning § under graduate and post graduate studies
12 § involvement in school policy development
13 § evidence of community contact and involvement


Note (1) - My separate website naming "Working Towards Proficient Teacher Accreditation" has not been published yet. However, you may leave your email address at lydialeeuts@gmail.com to view that website. 

Please refer directly to the NESA and AITSL sites for the current information.

References

AITSL (2014). Proficient teachers. Retrieved from http://www.aitsl.edu.au/australian-professional-standards-for-teachers/standards/career-stage/proficient

NESA (2017). Timeframes. Retrieved from http://educationstandards.nsw.edu.au/wps/portal/nesa/teacher-accreditation/proficient-teacher/how-it-works/timeframes

NSW Department of Education (n.d.). Policy Library: Accreditation at Proficient Teacher in NSW Government Schools Policy. Retrieved from https://education.nsw.gov.au/policy-library/policies/accreditation-at-proficient-teacher-in-nsw-government-schools-policy


Useful & relevant links and resources 

                     Procedure [Checklist] **
                     What is involved 
                     Collect samples
                     Evidence of practice

NESA registered professional developmentThe three different types of NESA professional development: 
1)Teacher identified professional development (TIPD),
2)NESA registered professional development, 
3)NESA school-based registered professional development


                                                    Accreditation Form
                                                    Accreditation at Proficient Teacher in NSW Public Schools Policy  



Sunday 12 February 2017

Understanding of Clauses and Finding a Tool for the Practice of English Writing


Understanding of Clauses and Finding a Tool for the Practice of English Writing

Where do we start?

In order to help find out a feasible tool for the practice of writing in English, on this page, it is necessary to understand the concept of a clause which has been set as a basic module in writing.
Clauses in Written English– What are they? 
According to Study.com (2017), a clause is defined as 'a group of related words containing a subject that tells readers what the sentence is about and a verb that tells readers what subject is doing'.
In a simple explanation, Butt et al (2006, p.29) remind that a clause consists of one or more phrases, and a phrase consists of one or more words. 
An important note that we often express ideas through words; these words are combined into phrases; the phrases are combined into clauses; then, the clauses are combined into sentences (Butt et al, 2006, p 30).
In terms of the level above clause, a notion of a clause complex is introduced. It consists of one or more clauses. Importantly, Butt et al advise that a clause complex is considered as 'an umbrella term for the pattern of language', and in written texts, a clause complex often corresponds to a sentence. More importantly, these authors deliver information that a clause complex is ' a language structure that consists of one clause working by itself or a group of clauses that working together through some kind of logical relationship.' This information helps more understand how language is structured in analysing the components of THEME and NEW within clauses.
Remember, there are different types of clauses classified. For example, on its web page, the Study.com provides information that there are four types of clauses: independent, dependent, relative or noun clause. These types of clauses are not considered and explained on this page. They will be focused on and discussed in another communicative channel. 
This page concentrates on the concepts of clauses introducing by Butt and his co-authors (2006). The authors have indicated two types of clause and clause complex which will be presented in the following part of finding a feasible tool using in writing. 

What will happen next?

Finding a tool for practising English Writing through Techniques in Analysing Clauses
After understanding the concepts of the clause, the purpose of the rest of this page is to find out a feasible tool that the learners, in particular people using English as an additional language, could apply that tool or technique for their English writing.
Let's start with the analysis of the text which is introduced by Butt et al (2006, p.31) as below.
"When the national economy is growing fast, many economic analysts will claim that interest rates should rise to prevent a situation of boom and bust."

By analysing through the level of the rank scale, Butt et al consider the above text as a clause complex which consists of four clauses. The level of the rank scale method divides the text into different segments including clauses, phrases and words.
Traditional  method - Level of the rank scale
Four clauses are (See Butt et al page 31):
                    1-When the national economy is growing fast, 
                    2-many economic analysts will claim 
                    3-that interest rates should rise 
                    4-to prevent a situation of boom and bust."
Phrases are
                the national economy                     is growing             fast             when
                    many economic analysts                will claim
                    interest rates                                   should rise
                    a situation of boom and bust          to prevent
Words include
                national              the                growing
                    economic            claim            rates
                    analysts              interest         situation
The above technique obviously has shown the elements of the text and the language meaning flowing through clauses. However, it has not yet given out the consistent rules or principles of how these clauses are separated logically. Therefore, this method limits the learners, particularly people using English as an additional language, from applying principles in practising English writing logically.
In order to overcome that limit, an alternative tool of Multilayers of Theme and New is introduced. 
In comparison with the previous technique, the following tool presents a different view of how the Theme and New delivering rules or principles through the layers of THEME and NEW.
For the convenience of understanding, the same mentioned text is used and illustrated as below.
The tool of Multilayers of  THEME and NEW
Refer to the same text above in Butt et al (2006, p.31), using the tool of Multilayer of THEME and NEW to examine how language is flowing over clauses as below.
Note: Layers of the THEME and NEW components might be embedded at different levels. For example, the above display shows the THEME layer 1 and the NEW layer 1 and 2 are embedded at the first level; the THEME layer 2 and the NEW layer 3 are embedded at the second level.

With separate layers in the THEME and NEW components, I found this technique or tool provides a clearer view that helps the learners more understand the nature of language, and how the texts are structured within clauses, especially in the THEME and NEW components.
Obviously, an advantage is seen is that the verbs in the NEW component always appear in their correct positions - at the start of the NEW. This delivers the rule or principle as a practical choice which assists the learners to write texts more correctly and confidently. 
I believe that the technique of displaying Multilayers of Theme and New will provide a new powerful tool which could be applied in improving writing skills for the learners, particularly people practising English as an additional language. A detailed procedure of this tool will be discussed in my "Applying Multilayers of the Theme and New Step by Step in Learning How to Write"



Reference
Butt, D.; Fahey, R.; Feez, S.; Spinks, S.; Yallop, C. (2006). Using Functional Grammar - An Explorer's Guide.(2nd Ed). Sydney: National Centre for English Language Teaching and Research Macquarie University.




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