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5 Things to Know About Nobel Prize Winner Yoshinori Ohsumi
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The Japanese cell biologist Yoshinori Ohsumi
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has been awarded the 2016
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for his "discoveries of
mechanisms for autophagy".
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Autophagy, meaning 'self-eating',
whereby they
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is the way cells [main-layer]
can remain healthy
through an internal recycling program
destroy their own
contents [sub-layer1]
in order to make way for new
cells, as well as fighting off invading bacteria and viruses. [sub-layer
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Ohsumi, 71,
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will receive 8m Swedish
kronor ($937,399) for his achievement at the Nobel awards ceremony Dec. 10 in
Stockholm.
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Here
what we
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know about him: [sub-layer]
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1. He
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's the fourth Japanese
scientist
to have won a Nobel
Prize for medicine
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Ohsumi
and the fourth
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is the 25th Japanese person to win a Nobel
Prize,
to win the medicine prize, according to The Japan Times.
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Born in 1945 in Fukuoka, Japan, he
(where he
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spent three years at Rockefeller
University in New York before returning to the University of Tokyo[main-layer]
previously received a PhD) to establish his
research group.[sub-layer]
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He
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is currently a professor at the
Tokyo Institute of Technology.
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2. He
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's the first scientist to define
cell recycling
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Cells
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need to recycle in order to survive.
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"When nutrients
the cell
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has a system
for breaking down old or unneeded machinery and harvesting the parts to keep
itself going,"
explains Ivan
Semeniuk of The Globe and Mail.
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This crucial, 'self-eating' system, known as autophagy,
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was detected by Ohsumi
in baker's yeast cells in 1988.
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He
even though his discovery
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has since referred to himself
as "a basic researcher in yeast"[main-layer]
is widely
recognized as fundamental to human cell survival. [sub-layer]
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3. His focus of research
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could help explain a number of
diseases
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As cancer or neurological disorders such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's
when there
studying this recycling system
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are mutations
in autopaghy genes,[sub-layer]
can help explain - and prevent - the
occurrence of many diseases.
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Speaking to the Globe and Mail after receiving the 2015 Gairdner
International Award, Canada’s top international medical-science prizes,
Ohsumi
[that] he
[that] his discovery's "relevance to many diseases
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believed [that] [sub-layer1]
will be discovered in the near future”.[sub-layer2]
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4. It also
how we
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explains [that] [main-layer]
can adapt to
starvation [sub-layer]
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Autophagy
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is a natural defence [main-layer]
can help scientists
understand
manage to cope with extreme
situations. [sub-layer]
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“Ohsumi's discoveries
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opened the path to understanding the fundamental importance of
autophagy in many physiological processes, such as in the adaptation to
starvation or response to infection,"
said the Nobel Assembly in a press release
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5. He
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had a message for young
scientists
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Ohsumi
but "extremely honored", the Associated Press
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was surprised about winning the prize,
reported Monday, following the announcement.
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“All I
[that] it
he
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can say is, [main-layer]
’s such an honor,” [sub-layer]
told reporters at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, according to the
Japanese broadcaster NHK and The New York Times.
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“I
that not all
but it
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’d like to tell young
people [main-layer]
can be successful
in science, [sub-layer]
’s important to rise to the
challenge.”
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